 Heavily restricting kids from sugar backfires.Our job as parents is to do what's best for our children. We research car seats, carefully pick a pediatrician and make decisions about all sorts of tough stuff - discipline, sleep, potty training, daycare, etc. We quickly learn that our decisions may be different than those around us, and sometimes - especially when we share our decisions online - we find that we are dramatically different in how we think than how others think. Sugar is one of those more controversial issues. Everyone approaches it differently, and it's quite the hot button topic in mom groups and various online forums. Our followers tell us that they are bombarded with messages about sugar being terrible, and they are feel like bad parents if they let their children have any. Megan here. Judy and I posted a cookie recipe on Instagram that has allergy-friendly modifications, something many of our allergy families were asking us to do. We were bombarded with strongly-worded messages from followers about how irresponsible it was to encourage followers to eat a cookie. A cookie, people. I don't think they know us well enough yet... While talking about sugar brings out some dang strong opinions, instead of shying away from it I decided to hit it head on. These may be my words, but Judy and I collaborated on writing this post. So here goes. We want to remind you of one important thing: only you get to decide what works for your family. As a good friend said to me lately, our job as feeding practitioners is to make the suggestion - your job is to make the decision. (Thank you to her Peloton for inspiring this quote!) Perhaps after reading this you want to change how you approach sugar with your kids or wish you had done things differently. You are a good parent no matter what approach you have been taking, and you are allowed to change your mind and actions when you want to. We support you in doing whatever is best for your family. Note: if your child has a medical condition that prevents them from eating certain foods, please check out the last portion of this post. In case you're short on time, here's where we stand on sugar - head below for citations and explanations:
Where does sugar fear come from?Everywhere you look, adults are trying to limit their intake of sugar. Sugar is the current "demon" that fat used to be. (Remember when we were advised to eat fat-free cookies, which were actually very high in sugar, because fat was "bad"?) Many parents shun sugar because they fear that their child will become, or already is, overweight. Perhaps they don't want their children to become "addicted to sugar" like they are. Maybe they don't want their kids to experience teasing or bullying for their size like they did. These are all valid fears - we are trying to protect our kids from getting hurt. Given the current public discussion about sugar, it's not surprising that many parents fear it and its role in their child's diet. These fears may be deeply rooted in their own food, body image and weight struggles. Note: the discussion of obesity in children is beyond the scope of this article, but we hope you will learn here that restriction in kids - especially with the intent to make them lose weight - can backfire. Children are meant to come in all shapes and sizes, and they deserve love, acceptance and tasty, nourishing foods, no matter how big or small they are. As health practitioners, we absolutely understand that lots of sugar long-term may have detrimental health effects, including an increased risk of heart disease, fatty liver disease, inflammation and diabetes. Diets like Whole30 and the ketogenic diet have further exacerbated the public focus on sugar. Don't get us wrong - we understand that eating a diet low in sugar can help us feel great, at least physically. Some of my clients have had dramatic health improvements by eliminating sugar when managing specific conditions. I have done therapeutic low-sugar diets for my own health issues. I totally understand how reducing how much sugar we eat can change how we feel, from both a professional and a personal level. However, recommendations from major medical bodies talk about reducing - but not eliminating - sugar. It is generally recognized that sugar can have a place in our diet. Interestingly, some data suggests that both a very high intake and a very low intake of sugar are associated with poor health outcomes. Recent recommendations from the American Heart Association state that children under the age of 2 should consume no added sugar. We will talk a lot more about this below. There's more to eating than nutrition.Imagine a life where you could never eat your favorite ice cream or pie again. How does that feeling sit with you? Do you feel deprived? A little sad? Perhaps you're not a "sweets" person yourself but can relate on another favorite food of yours. (I would be downright bummed if someone told me I couldn't have chocolate or sushi again.) Most people want to enjoy their favorite foods - including those that contain sugar - every so often. There's nothing shameful or bad about this. We deserve to eat food that tastes good. I work with a lot of chronic dieters and people recovering from disordered or restrictive eating, and we work on finding the "satisfaction factor" as described in Intuitive Eating. Sometimes people rely so heavily on external rules surrounding food (what to eat, when to eat, don't eat this, don't eat after that time) that they miss their own innate signals of hunger, fullness and satisfaction. When they're not satisfied by their meals they tend to seek out other foods, even if they're physically full. Perhaps you relate - you eat a dinner that's not tasty or filling to you, and thirty minutes later you're raiding the cupboard for something else. You end up eating more in the long run - and food your body may not need - because you didn't find that satisfaction factor. Many of my clients have a piece of good-quality chocolate or some sweeter food every night as a way to connect with their taste buds, feel satisfied after dinner and cap off a day of eating. They are listening to not only their body but also their mind and their cravings. When they feel satisfied with food, they don't think about it or worry about the next meal. They are satisfied and move along until the next eating time without obsessing over the next meal or what they did or didn't eat. Some sugar keeps them feeling sane, calm and content. Remember, food is so much more than just the sum of its nutrients. We eat for many reasons besides just nutrition. Food represents culture, connecting with others, feeling cared for and safe. Food brings us back to specific memories or times in our lives. We are gifted with a sense of taste that helps us have enjoyable experiences when we eat. It is OK to love food and enjoy the eating process. Despite what our fitness-obsessed society suggests, there's nothing wrong with liking to eat - we are literally hard-wired to do it. (It tastes good and makes us feel good for a reason, friend!) What about our kids? Can't we just not introduce them to sugar so they don't know what they're missing?Here's the tricky part: in order to prevent a complicated relationship with sugar or raise a "sugar fiend," many parents heavily restrict their kids from sugar. Unfortunately, research suggests that this strategy actually backfires in the long-run. Kids are drawn to what they can't have, and when they are heavily restricted from "forbidden" foods, they consume those foods in greater quantity as they get older. As another study states, "Restricting access focuses children's attention on restricted foods, while increasing their desire to obtain and consume those foods. Restricting children's access to palatable foods is not an effective means of promoting moderate intake of palatable foods and may encourage the intake of foods that should be limited in the diet." Thus, in our efforts to restrict sugar, we drive our kids to eat more sugar. It makes sense, right? We as adults are wired the same way. When we're craving a cookie and keep telling ourself that we can't have the cookie, we eat everything else...and then five cookies. Then we feel uncomfortable (physically) and defeated (mentally). Perhaps we would have been better off just having the dang cookie - and really enjoying it - in the first place. Furthermore, when adults eliminate sugar, it's usually usually short-lived. Most adults eventually feel deprived if they can't enjoy at least some of their favorite foods. In many people, restricting turns into binging or extreme or disordered food behaviors. I can't tell you how many clients I've worked with who eat an entire carton of ice cream or sleeve of Oreos after being on a "no sugar diet" for a few days. Dr. Michelle May calls this the "eat, repent, repeat" cycle. We feel like we've eaten too much sugar so we restrict...which in turn causes us to eat too much sugar...and repeat. The irony is, we really crave these foods because we enjoy the process of eating them. When we restrict and then eventually go overboard on them, we take away the joy and satisfaction from the experience...which is exactly what we were hoping to get from eating that food in the first place. We're missing the entire point of eating it. If we struggle mentally and emotionally with eliminating sugar, how can we expect it to work for our kids? The solution? We need to find a balance that works for own families that includes introducing our kids to some sugar at a rate that feels comfortable to us. Keep reading for more on the "why," and head to the last section of this post for the "how." Your child's food choices will not always be under your control.Many parents who heavily restrict sugar are able to fully control the foods their children have access to. However, as children get older, they can no longer regulate or monitor each bite. (And if you have taken our Toddler Course you know that stressing about each bite can be unproductive - a more authoritarian or controlling approach to food with kids causes mealtime strain for everyone.) Eventually, your child will go to friends' houses, sports practices, youth groups, trips with grandparents, to the movies, etc. They will be offered food you may not be comfortable with. They may have free access to foods they normally don't see at home. It's our job to help them learn to listen to their bodies when eating all types of foods - not just health-promoting ones - so that they can handle these scenarios. Every time we post about sugar, we are bombarded with messages from followers about how they (or their friends) behaved around sweets when they finally had access to them after being heavily restricted at home. They tell us that they would binge on cookies, candy and baked goods when they went to friends house because they finally had access to these foods. A few followers told us that after being sugar-restricted during childhood, they went to college and "went crazy" on sugar for years to follow. What concerns Judy and myself even more about heavily restricting sugar or any food is that authoritarian or controlling parenting styles around food are correlated with disordered eating behaviors. The more we carefully control what our kids eat, the more likely they are to develop what can be very dangerous eating patterns. Eating disorders have the highest mortality rate of any mental illness. Ever since Feeding Littles started, our goal has been to help you learn practical strategies that can help you potentially prevent disordered eating, and managing sugar and sweets is a key part of these strategies. In other words, by allowing your child to have some sugar now, we hope that you're setting them up for a positive relationship with food for life. Taking the "special-ness" away from sugar allows it to be just another food in your child's life - not something they obsess over. Food is just food. It's ironic, no? To encourage kids to have a health-promoting intake of sugar over their lifetime, we have to let them have some sugar. There's more to the story than "no sugar until age 2."In 2016 the American Heart Association released guidelines on sugar consumption for young children. These recommendations recommend no more than 6 teaspoons of sugar per day for kids ages 2-18 years of age. This is equivalent to 2 tablespoons, 24 grams or 96 calories from sugar. These recommendations are not surprising and are actually pretty realistic for many families, especially if sweetened beverages are not part of your family's diet. However, what surprised many of us in the pediatric nutrition world was the recommendation for no added sugar in children under 2. Below are some of our thoughts on why absolutely no added sugar before age 2 is not realistic for many families:
A few fellow dietitians and I have concluded that the "no added sugar until 2" guideline was made as an attempt to set the bar really high. Perhaps the intent is that while most families wouldn't reach it, the guideline would call attention to excessive sugar in young toddlers' diets. Some in our field take it very literally, but our stance is that we need to strike a balance with sugar so we don't make it something "special" or "off-limits" while also supporting parents in feeding their families a balanced meal that everyone can eat. Check out our specific recommendations for managing sugar below to decide when to first offer it to your child. It's about balance.Just like many things in life, balance is important. When we have been working or playing to hard, we need rest. When our preschoolers have watched too much Paw Patrol, we send them outside for some fresh air. Sometimes our kids will eat more sugar; sometimes they won't eat much at all. It's important for us to teach our kids that "healthy" living doesn't exist in extremes - it's all about balancing what your body, your mind and your soul need. A chocolate bar won't "ruin" your diet, just like a salad won't make you suddenly "healthy." (Thank you to an Instagram follower for this analogy.) There's room for a variety of foods in our diet. Yes, nourishing foods that fuel our bodies are important to help us feel our best - and we want to serve those foods to our kids often - but we have some wiggle room for "play" foods too. Plus, isn't part of childhood enjoying some ice cream on a hot summer day, enjoying a churro at a Disney park or eating donuts for breakfast on Saturday morning? I bet you have a lot of great memories surrounding sugary foods from your own childhood. The more we strike a balance and see food as neutral and not "good or bad," the more we can eat by how we feel and what our bodies actually need. Evelyn Tribole and Elyse Resch, co-authors of Intuitive Eating, describe it as making peace with food and allowing yourself unconditional permission to eat. This sounds scary for people who have been on the diet rollercoaster their whole lives, but when done consistently, Intuitive Eating can provide people with a sense of peace about food. They're not "in control," they're "in charge." How can you best manage sugar in your family? (Plus neutral language for talking about sugar.)Remember, you will have to find the balance and structure that works best in your family. We're making the suggestions - you need to make the decisions.
My kid is already "addicted to sugar." What should I do?First off, rest easy that while your child may be preoccupied with sugar, we have little evidence to prove that sugar is actually addictive. If you feel like your child is preoccupied with sugar, consider these strategies:
I have an issue with sugar as an adult. What should I do?Many of us are freaked out about sugar with our kids because we have a complicated relationship with it ourselves. We may project our fears and diet mentality on our children. Given the messages we receive about food, diets and body size, it's not surprising that we feel this way. You can still be a capable, impactful, positive parent about food if your own feelings about food are difficult or painful. Many, many adults feel this way thanks to diet culture. If you struggle with insatiable sugar cravings or if you feel out of control around sugar, please consider reading Intuitive Eating and checking out their Workbook. It can be life changing, especially if you're ready to be done with restrictive eating and dieting! Sometimes talk therapy is indicated for those who feel like their eating world is out of control. Keep in mind that you may crave sugar if you're dehydrated or are not eating enough protein/fat in your diet. Try to increase your water intake and include more balanced foods in your diet. Protein and fat are macronutrients that can help stabilize your blood sugar and prevent those low blood sugar dips that lead to stronger cravings. Note: I have noticed that many breastfeeding mamas have very strong sugar cravings that may be tied to dehydration. Make sure you're drinking enough water! What if my child has a medical need that limits the type of food they can eat?Sometimes kids can't have sugar foods (or other ingredients in the sweet food offered). Parents of kids with type 1 diabetes, allergies or other medical needs that require a special diet can find it hard to maneuver off-limit foods. Try your best at keeping language positive around food and emphasizing that while some people's bodies do OK with cake, their body is allergic to one of the ingredients so they will feel really yucky if they eat it. (Most kids with special diets figure out pretty quickly that they don't do well when they eat offending foods.) Emphasize that you will always have safe and yummy alternatives available for your child and that they will always get enough to eat. If possible, try to bring a safe alternative that your child can enjoy. Check out these cookies that we modified for common allergies, or head to Pinterest for some fun, tasty alternatives - search "allergen-friendly desserts." If your child has diabetes or needs a very low carbohydrate diet, work with a pediatric dietitian on finding sweet-tasting alternatives that can help your child feel included in the experience of enjoying desserts but also fit their dietary needs. You made it to the end! Thank you for sticking with us. We wish you joyous eating experiences with all foods - including sugary ones - and hope that this article has helped you find some peace in how you feed your kids.   Add some fun to your kid's afternoon snack.Any snack on a stick can help kids become more interested in eating - think about how much fun it is to eat food in this way! Make our peanut butter yogurt dip (see below for allergen modifications) and pair it with pretzel stick, plus strawberries on a skewer. Safety tip: use kitchen scissors to cut the sharp end off the skewer, and don’t serve this to a young toddler who may poke themselves! Always supervise eating, especially with new tools. Megan's DEVOURED this snack. It was the perfect sweet, salty and crunchy combo that was also full of fiber, protein and fat (the three key nutrients for keeping our bodies full and our blood sugar more regulated). To make the yogurt dip, combine:
Allergy Families: use Kite Hill almond yogurt or coconut yogurt instead of dairy yogurt, sunflower seed butter or almond butter instead of peanut butter, and gluten-free pretzels instead of wheat pretzels. Strawberry allergy? Serve with blueberries and bananas instead   Great for the whole family!You know those fast, easy, delicious dinners that you love but always forget to make? Yeah, this is one of them for me. I play around with different tortillas, and this brown rice version from Trader Joe's was pretty good! We use their fat free beans, not because we avoid fat (we think dietary fat is waaaay important!), but because the other types at Trader Joe’s are kinda spicy and my girls haaaaate spicy still, despite numerous exposures! (We're working on it.) Here's what you need:
Here’s how we made them:
Particular toddler at home? Let them build their own fajita and make sure to serve familiar foods with new ones so they’re not overwhelmed by unfamiliar options. We have more tips like this to help with your picky eater in our Toddler course. Baby at home (6+ months)? Omit salt and serve deconstructed - shrimp, cooked peppers/onions, tortilla (soft), avocado strips, and refried beans plopped on the tray or presented on loaded NumNum GOOtensil. Looking to do baby-led weaning with your little one? Check out our Infant course.   Get your snack on, friends.What snacks does a dietitian love?? I wanted to share my go-to options, especially for road trips - but these work well even when you're at home or sending snacks to school. Y’all know how important the snack game is with kids (because HANGRY = DISASTER when you factor in tons of excitement and not enough sleep), and while traveling we up our game so we have lots of options. I always try to incorporate high protein snacks and fruit/veggies into the mix because protein/fiber balance blood sugar, which helps everyone feel better between meals. Remember, snacks are all about honoring our body’s hunger signals between meals and feeding ourselves the tasty, enjoyable fuel we need to feel our best. Plus, little humans have little tummies so they need to eat often. Below are some of our favorite options you can rotate into your snack rotation:
My kids don’t have any allergies - and I regularly serve allergens to help prevent the development of allergies - but if your kid has an allergy, please modify. Always have water available as well.   Hydration is key.Sick kiddo at home? One of the hardest parts of parenting is managing illness. You may have noticed that eating and hydration can be greatly affected by illness, and sometimes it takes days - or weeks - for kids to get back on track. Here are some quick tips when you have a sick kiddo:
  Easy ideas to help make snacktime more positive.Do you struggle with snack time? Here are a few tips:
We share many more tips in our online toddler course, loved by thousands of families worldwide!   Should you start earlier than one?We hear the term “food before 1 is just for fun” thrown out in our Facebook group (search Feeding Littles Group to join) and in various Baby-led Weaning communities. The spirit of this phrase is great - don’t stress about the quantity of food your baby eats, and don’t worry if they just play - but the idea that EXPOSURE to food is unimportant before 1 could not be further from the truth for a variety of reasons. (This phrase is literally keeping some parents from offering any food before one.) Since babies need exogenous iron (and zinc) starting around six months due to depletion of iron stores from birth, food does have a nutritional role, and that’s why we recommend high iron foods like softly cooked meats, lentils and beans starting at 6 months. (Mix beans/lentils with other foods like guacamole so baby can pick them up without the pincer grasp.) We now know that in most babies, the delay of allergenic foods (peanuts, shellfish, eggs, etc.) actually INCREASES a baby’s risk of allergy to that food, so not introducing these foods close to 6 months can actually be more harmful in the long run. Research suggests that babies who don’t get to practice with foods of various textures by 9 months are statistically more likely to have feeding issues in elementary school. Furthermore, not exposing a baby to food until they are 1 ignores their biological drive to eat and interest in food. For sensory, developmental, motor, social, nutritional, allergenic, and oral coordination reasons, please start introducing foods to your baby when they’re around 6 months and start showing readiness signs like sitting unassisted, bringing foods to their mouth, no extrusion reflex, and good head/neck control unless told otherwise by your pediatrician. Side note: having a pincer grasp is not a sign of readiness for food, and gagging when they start is normal and protective! Babies need practice to learn how to eat! Check our blog post for more feeding myths! Need help feeding your baby? Join the thousands of families who have used our online Infant Course to feel confident in feeding baby!   Let kids be kids.Dear WW (formerly Weight Watchers): a weight loss app for kids ages 8-17 does not “change health trajectories” for the better. It fuels eating disorders. Please read this entire post to understand my experience with this app. Megan here. I have been sick to my stomach this entire week since learning about the newest Kurbo by WW app. Many of you have asked us to address it. The purpose of this app is for children (yes, CHILDREN) to enter their food and activity patterns and receive ratings on a stoplight system. Green are “go” foods that should be eaten freely; yellow foods are OK if consumed in moderate portions; red foods are “stop and think” foods. I downloaded the app and signed up for the coaching program to see what it was like. (My heart was pounding with anger and anxiety throughout the entire process, believe you me.) I entered in my 6.5-year-old’s food intake for yesterday - view the images below to see how it rated and what my “coach” said in response. I did change her birth date to make her appear 8.
 As a dietitian who believes that fat is important for a child’s brain, I was pretty appalled that butter and HUMMUS were considered red foods. You’re only “allowed” 3 red foods a day. The only “green” foods I could find were veggies and fruits (and skim milk, which my kids don’t happen to drink). Almost anything with fat or calories were at least yellow if not red. Yes, most breads or carbohydrate foods were red. Let’s reiterate some statistics shared from Evelyn Tribole - co-author of Intuitive Eating - a few days ago:
Before you suggest that this is just “teaching kids to eat healthy”...I encourage you to think about the broad implications of this type of thinking. This doesn’t teach “healthy eating.” It teaches restricted eating. It teaches kids that some foods are good (but most are bad), as kids are very literal in their thinking. It sets kids up for a battle between their brain and growing bodies. It perpetuates disordered eating, thinking and behavior that may have lifelong implications in vulnerable populations. Did you now that adolescent girls gain on average 40-50 lb during puberty, and boys gain 50-60 lb? Even the AAP encourages parents and providers to not discuss a child’s weight in front of them. This is not the solution.I have a personal issue with WW, as I grew up in a WW home. I went to meetings with my mom - I was never on the program, but I witnessed it. I saw her get weighed in and felt her disappointment when she was no longer at “goal.” I ate all the “light” foods with her. (She was trying her best in a fat-phobic, diet-obsessed world and didn’t realize the impact it had on me - we’ve now talked about this a lot). By the time I was 14 I had very restricted eating patterns; I had a full-fledged (undiagnosed) eating disorder in college and grad school. I am devastated to think about how this app could cause similar harm in so many kids who have easier access to the “ww philosophies.” So what can you do?Here are some things you can do to help promote body positivity and a healthy food relationship in your child WITHOUT using a weight loss app:
Notice these last 2 images - the feedback on my daughter’s diet and one screenshot of the app asking what her goal is. “Weight loss” is obviously hard to see, but “make parents happy” is even worse.
Food is...
Food is NOT points or red, yellow, or green lights.   Music adds ambience and fun to dinnertime.In our Toddler Course we talk about the importance of minimizing distractions, including TV and devices, during mealtime. Some of us like the TV on while we eat for some background noise, but you may have noticed that young eaters become easily distracted when the television is on. Music can provide low level sound and some wonderful ambiance while not being distracting. Turning on music at the beginning of a meal can be a fun pre-meal ritual that directs your child’s focus from play to eating. Plus, listening to music in childhood helps your child develop language skills and learn about rhythm and sound. Make sure that the music isn’t too loud or jarring while you eat or it will feel distracting. For many people, high-energy, fast songs don’t work well for family meals, but do what works for your family. Sharing your favorite music with your child can be a powerful way to connect. You can sing and dance together now when they’re little and go to concerts together when they get older...and one day they’ll think fondly of you and those memories whenever they hear that special song. We decided to share some of our favorite mealtime songs with you below. As music lovers and big concert-goers, our selection here is a little bit eclectic. This list could go on forever. What matters is picking music YOU enjoy to create a positive environment for your family. Check out the Spotify playlist we created with these songs. Judy's Favorites:
Megan's Favorites:
  Mealtime is about more than food.Meals with young kids can feel chaotic and stressful. It can be a serious struggle. We work with thousands of families who are at the end of their rope (Friends, please consider our toddler course if this is you!) Sometimes it’s important to take a step back and think about what you want mealtime to feel like 5, 10, 20 years from now with your kids. What associations do you want them to have with food? What do you want them to remember? Mealtime is oftentimes the only time of day that we get to sit and connect with each other, hence why we can have such vivid memories of how it felt when we were kids. Here are some simple ways to build positive traditions that your kids will remember:
One day they’ll use these memories to create traditions with their own kids. It’s hard when we’re in the thick of it...but we’re going to miss this, friends! We promise.  |
AuthorsMegan and Judy, co-owners of Feeding Littles, bring you helpful info on food, nutrition, picky eating, and feeding young children. Megan McNamee MPH, RDN is a Registered Dietitian Nutritionist based in Scottsdale, Arizona. Judy Delaware, OTR/L is an Occupational Therapist specializing in feeding therapy with children 3 and under in Boulder, Colorado. Megan and Judy are both moms of two and love helping families develop a healthy appetite for all foods!
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